Tendências da mortalidade por causas evitáveis pelo Sistema Único de Saúde na região sudeste do Brasil (2000-2013)

Abstract

Preventable deaths are those deaths that could have been avoided (in whole or in part) by the presence of effective health services. National studies have shown a significant reduction in deaths from preventable causes in the country and stressed the importance of moving forward on analysis of differential mortality rates from preventable causes according to age groups, regions and municipalities. There is a gap in regionalized studies, particularly in the Southeast that obtained in 2013, the highest number of reported deaths from preventable causes in different age groups. Objective: To analyze the trend of mortality in the population aged 0 to 4 years and 5 to 69 years, residing in the Southeast and Federal Units (UF), using the "Brazilian List of Deaths Preventable Causes". Methods: An ecological study of time the standardized mortality rate series from preventable causes and not preventable, with corrections to the ill-defined causes and the underreporting of deaths reported in the period from 2000 to 2013. Results: In the age group of 0 to four years, there was a decline in the death rate from preventable causes (4.4% peryear) and not preventable (1.9% per year) in the Southeast and the UF, except for those reducible for vaccine prevention which remained stable. The study draws attention in this age group to the lower reduction of the causes of avoidable deaths by adequate attention to women during pregnancy (1.7%), with an increase in mortality rates by maternal conditions that affect the fetus and newborn and stability in disorders related to short gestation and low birth weight. In the age group 5-69 years was also demonstrated the decline in mortality from preventable causes (2.4%) and non-preventable (1.5% per year) in the period 2000-2013. There was a decrease in all preventable deaths fromcauses groups, except for those reducible by actions intended causes ofmaternal death were stable. Noteworthy is the increase of 1.6% per year of deaths from specific causes such as pneumonia and suicide, as well as stability for transport accidents. Conclusion: The decline in the mortality rate leads to believe in the evolution of the response of health systems, in addition to improvements in health and social determinants conditions. However, the ratio still remains high compared to other countries, which reinforces the need to keep the focus on these cases of illness and death, in addition to their risk factors.