O sensível e o insensível na sala de parto: interdiscursos de profissionais de saúde e mulheres

Abstract

The relations between health professionals and women in pregnancy and childbirth care, are permeated by the discourse of the medicalization of the female body and the hegemonic power of the physician. It is considered that the speech is dissimétrico and that decisions about childbirth are not based on precise conditions, enlightening information and the desire of the parturient woman, being the autonomy of women, often flouted. Objective: to analyze the discourses about the pregnancy and childbirth care from the perspective of women and health professionals from a public network, highlighting situations both positive and negative experiences had in interaction built during labor and delivery. He method used was discourse analysis, whereas in a discursive interaction there may be moments in which the discourse of women contrasts to the speech of the health professional, or the ownership by the participants in the logic of the dominant discourse in the health field. The scenarios were seven public maternity hospitals in the Midwest region of Minas Gerais. The data collection was carried out through interviews and record of observations made during labor. The participants of this study were 36 women, 14 doctors obstetricians and ten obstetric nurses. He organized the results in the following categories: a) The discourse of violence in obstetric voice of women and health professionals; b) The ethos and pathos in the delivery room; c) The discursividade of humanizing; d) Each birth is a story: the process of choosing the delivery route. The themes that emerged pointed to a violence witnessed and silenced in the narrative of the nurses. Perspective that is similar to that seen in women, The discursarem on a violence conceded. And contrasts to the medical discourse, which neglects this phenomenon in the doctor-patient. The analysis of data allows us to infer that the images pre-conceived and stereotypes are determinants in the constitution of the ethos of the parturient and the professional ethos of the doctor and the nurse. The Speech of humanization is perceived as a fad that restricts the use of alternative practices. In the perspective of pregnant women the type of delivery is determined by the physician and women are not pro-active. The performance of the nurse is shy, although its presence is fundamental for the stimulus to labor solution and promote the autonomy of women. It was concluded that the treatment is hostile constitutes one of the barriers to humanization of childbirth care, interfering with the choice of delivery route, and it is necessary to review the concept of violence obstetrics, considering all its particularities and nuances. It is considered that for a redefinition of professional ethos in the delivery assistance, it is imperative for institutional support, the commitment of the managers with public policies and the qualified training of both categories; so that the performance of these professionals is consistent with its role in the reorganization of the model. It is believed that to promote the humanization of care, you have to think of a micropolitics of work, capable of having as means the meetings dialogic spaces and intercessors as improvers of ethical conduct, committed and effective.