Índice autorreferido pela equipe de cirurgia ortopédica sobre as recomendações e diretrizes internacionais e nacionais para a prevenção de infecção do sítio cirúrgico

Abstract

Surgical Site Infections (SSI) are amidst the most important, associated with health care, comprising about 31% of those found in hospitalized patients. When occur, they increase the treatment costs, time of hospitalization, and the risks of patients morbimortality. Even with recommendations for their prevention, infection rates remain alarming and it may be related to non-adherence to the published guidelines. The objective was to evaluate the self-reported index by the orthopedic surgery team on international and national recommendations and guidelines for the prevention of surgical site infection. This was a descriptive study performed on Surgical Centers (SC) from two hospitals located in the city of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. Data were analyzed in the Stata program, version 14, through descriptive analysis. This work was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (CAAE: 53645715.0.0000.5149). A total of 133 professionals were eligible, wherof 30 (22.5%) were orthopedic surgeons, 10 (7.5%) nurses and 93 (69.9%) nursing technicians. It was observed a predominance of women, 61.3%; age> 35 years (53.4%); married 55.6%, with work time> 8 years, (58.6%). The references to preventive measures of SSI were 39.8% for medical staff and 35.4% for nursing staff. Regarding the protocol of safe surgery, the average was 25.9% for the medical staff and 30.9% for the nursing staff. A similarity was observed regarding the degree of importance attributed by the two teams to each prevention measure. The lowest self-reported index was highlighted in measures such as indication of nasal decontamination in patients with MMR, 10.7% by the medical staff; indication of preoperative bath, 6.6% by physicians and 7.8% by nursing staff. In the transoperative period, only 10.0% and 3.0% of the respective teams referred to the correct time of glove exchange, and in the postoperative period, 13.3% and 9.7% cited patient surveillance after discharge in the period of 30 to 90 days. Only 10.0% of the surgeons and 3.0% of the nursing team mentioned effective communication to the surgical team as objective for safe surgery protocol. This study showed that although the staff claims to know about SSI prevention measures, these had means related to the measures much lower than expected, which may be related to lack or shortage of knowledge, or the tendency to consider measures that they know best/practice in their routine, factors that may impact on behavior, leading to low adherence to what is recommended. In this sense, conducting process audits about staff knowledge and adherence becomes important in order to ascertain and intervene, if necessary, in an interdisciplinary way, in local and specific training with the objective of ensuring the professional updating, reinforcing the importance of multiprofessional work for SSI prevention.