Humanização no processo de parto e nascimento: implicações do plano de parto

Abstract

The protagonist of women in the process of childbirth and birth implies the strengthening and / or adoption of new logics in health care. Therefore, it's necessaray to recognize the importance of women's autonomy in this process. About period and prenatal care, in particular, preparation for childbirth and maternity has fundamental importance. Among the strategies to strengthen their autonomy is the elaboration by the woman of a birth plan, which must be respected by the professionals who follow her. The birth plan is an instrument performed by women, pregnant and parturient, with the purpose of reflecting on their birth and, based on it, defining their choices. It is a recommendation of the World Health Organization, and in Brazil, its one of the actions of the paradigm of the humanization of childbirth, the theoretical reference of this study. Objective: To analyze the contributions of the realization of a birth plan as an exercise of womens autonomy in the process of birth. Method: This is an exploratory research, descriptive of a qualitative approach, in which parts of the research "Building strategies to strengthen and rescue women autonomy in the process of childbirth and birth" was used, developed through conversation groups with pregnant women registered in pre natal system (SIS Pre Natal) in the district of Venda Nova, in Belo Horizonte / Minas Gerais, Brazil. This study was executed in puerperal period of the participants who prepared their delivery plan in prenatal period. For The data collection it was used a semi-structured questionnaire from January to February, 2016. The sample was consisted of 30 women, who were chosen intentionally among the participants of the larger study. For the data analysis the thematic analysis of content was followed. The inclusion criteria included pregnant women registered in the units surveyed and pregnant women who participated in the study. The project was evaluated and approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Minas Gerais under CAAE Nº 12186813.9,1001,5149 and by the Municipal Health Department of Belo Horizonte and funded by Minas Gerais Research Foundation General (FAPEMIG) with registry nº 508.446 and public notice FAPEMIG 07/2012. The research obeyed the ethical aspects, according to Resolution No. 466/2012 CNS / MS. Results: The results of the interviews showed that the delivery plan positively influences the delivery process and its finalization. And the participating women reported having their desires consented and/or discussed, in addition to perceiving the professionals' greater respect for care in the process of childbirth and birth, respect for their individuality and bodily integrity. For the women in the study, this practice allowed them to feel more confident and secure, giving them strength and producing positive delivery experiences. However, feelings of frustration at not attendance the demands and needs of women were also identified. Final considerations: the humanization of childbirth as a political legitimacy of the reclamation and defense of women's rights in the care of birth still presents gaps, as well as the legitimacy related to the participation of women needs to be strengthened in the attention to childbirth and birth, especially during prenatal care.