Da ação e do sujeito da ação: um estudo sobre a natureza e o funcionamento do ato assertivo de crítica em intervenções responsivas

Abstract

The present research aims to discuss and reflect the assertive critical act, a social-discursive object which contrasts the beliefs and common knowledge that are part of our interpersonal daily relations. The goal was to scrutinize such act, from the melodic scale of the speaker and its workings, as well as understand its justification in a rationality and intentionality dimension. The investigation was done on the responsive interventions of Brazilian former president, Fernando Henrique Cardoso, in different social strata (Senator, Presidential Candidate and President of Brazil), from which were extracted from the corpus of the interview transcripts of Roda Viva program from TV Cultura of São Paulo. Facing the challenge to understand, not only the full action in an Austinian point of view, the broad constitutive aspects of this act, it was performed a concept integration with the Speech Act Theory from Semiolinguistic and Action Theory. In order to fulfill the proposed objective, it was observed the way these referred social strata integrate themselves into the constitution of this discursive object. From the observation of the way the parameters of the critical assertive power (a point that reported to a state of things presupposed in the preparatory conditions, compatibility of the mental state in the sincerity conditions) it was possible to extract the following typology: direct criticism with nominal predication and obliques criticism with verbal predication, beyond a categorization from a state of things that were target for the appreciation (metadiscursive criticism, metacriticism and metapolitics). Also, an communicational identity of the communicative/subject and speaker could be built by the subjects activity in the fulfillment of the discursive mise en scène through the interrelation between the social strata, the social and linguistic roles, engaged in and from the communicative contract. Finally, from the positioning that the cleavages , overdeterminations or the group of coercions do not nullify the rationality of the subjects actions, the concept of intentionality is engaged, as well the concept of the primary reason to investigate the rationality dimensions and the subjects freedom in its discursive actions and productions. From the conjugation of the different aspects that were analyzed, the assertive act of criticism emerged as an expression of the subjects autonomy by excellence, generating movements that hinders the unidimensionality through the emergency of the antagonisms materialized by the intersubjective communicative rationality.