Caracterização de harmônicos causados por equipamentos eletro-eletrônicos residenciais e comerciais no sistema de distribuição de energia elétrica

Abstract

The non linearity on the profile of residential and commercial electrical loads has been growing, mainly in these days of seeking for bigger energy efficiency of household appliances as well as the access of the population to electronic consumer goods. The preocupation for a better power quality has been growing by the customer and also by the energy distributors. This work aims to characterize the harmonics caused by electrical-electronic households of residential and commercial consumers and to study the impacts of these harmonics caused on the distribution system. First of all, it will be shown the bad effects of harmonics on the electrical system and its components. To assess these, several measurements were done in household appliances in order to characterize the production of harmonics. Residential and commercial customers were also measured as well as the transformers which fed them. With the measurements, simulations of situations of the utilization the non-linear loads were made evaluating the results on the demanded current by the produced harmonics. It will be shown the opposite correlation between the rms value of the current and its distortion. At last, simulations were made in order to evaluate the distortion in the voltage caused by the harmonics which were produced by residential and commercial customers on systems of low and medium voltage.