Nanotecnologia em Implantodontia: tendências atuais

Abstract

With the clinical estabilishment of ossointegrated implants, Implantodotic researches in the last decade have focused on the continuous advancements in the success rates of implant procedures. Celerity in ossointegration process, in order to lessen cicatrization period to functional charges has became a goal. Aiming at contributing with such goals, several research lines currently approach the influence of implant surface topographic characteristics and the biological response in the interaction among this surface and organic surrounding tissues. Several modifications, either chemical and physical, have been implemented to meet specific tissue response. In order for the clinician could ease ossointegration process, is mandatory that he has adeep knowledge on the histology involved and be updated as to the types of implant commercially available and its topographic surface characteristics among a variety of biomaterials. It might be said that technology involved in Nanoscience arose from researches on implant surface and microtopography, and it has created opportunitiesof investigations on tissues interaction with different texture materials at a nanometric resolution level. The challenge then is to properly evaluate the influence of synergic effects in macro, micro and nano modifications according to overall tissue response. In vitro studies have found positive response to nanotechnology in the field of ossointegrated implants, primarily related to greater absortion and protein selection at implant surface level. That stimulates, directly or indirectly, osteoblastsproliferation. However, due to the limited clinical observation of this new technology, there is not yet consensus in dental research community as to the long/medium term benefits of dental implants texturing; there is also lack of predictabilitiy in relation to the possible damaging effect on osseointegration due to release products resulting from the corrosion of surfaces, as well as ionic contamination affecting organs and tissues. Further studies are necessary to set reliable models of standardization,performance and lines of research, even though is expected that Nanotechnology is going to lessen cicatrization process, enabling implant charges and improvement in statistical rates of success in implant insertion, even in low bone quality sites.