Oclusão em Implantodontia

Abstract

The aim of the present study was the identification of the main occlusal designs that are used in prosthodontic treatments, the biomechanical principles which are associated to dental implants and to the prosthesis supported by them, the major occlusal risk factors and the clinical factors and conditions that influence in the choice of an specific occlusal scheme, considering the patients who will be submitted to a dental treatment that involves the making of implant-supported prosthesis. In order to achieve that goal, a literature review of books and classic articles was made, as well as a revision of the Cockrane library and a systematized research in the Portal Capes (www.periodicos.capes.gov.br), through the years 2009 until 2011. It wasconcluded that there are different applicable occlusal designs for conventional prosthesis as for implant-supported prosthesis. The study of biomechanical principles in implantology comprehends the evaluation of the bones, the implants, the prosthesiss and the loads characteristics. Among the main occlusal risk factors are outstanding: the time for loading implants, the non-axial loads, the oclusal over-loadand determined particularities on the occlusal surfaces, as the type of material used for coverage, the dimension of the occlusal tables and the presence of orifices for the retention screw. Amidst the clinical factors and conditions that influence the choice of a specific occlusal design, it is worth mentioning: the type of prosthesis, the patients previous occlusal situation and the kind of opposing dentition. It also follows thatthere is no scientific evidence for recommending a specific occlusal design for implant-supported prosthesis instead of other and that the occlusion in implantology can be successfully managed if diverse occlusal concepts are applied. Nevertheless, the manifestations and particularities presented by the various authors must be considered transitory and liable to change, as soon as the outcomes of betterdesigned RCTs are published, in comparison to the different types of occlusal designs for implant-supported prosthesis.