Estratificação do grau de risco cardiovascular em pacientes de determinada unidade de saúde de Atenção Primária em Belo Horizonte

Abstract

This study focused on realizing a stratification of the overall cardiovascular risk of the hypertensive patients attended by the team 1 of the Centro de Saúde São Tomás (Saint Thomas Primary Care Center), on Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The initial insight to the work was the observation that there wasnt a specific program of care for hypertensive patients in the above mentioned health unit, which would be crucial in primary care for health promotion, disease prevention and rehabilitation. This was a descriptive and quantitative study through which data were collected from medical records of hypertensive patients. The main reference was the VI Brazilian Guidelines on Hypertension (2010). The charts were selected according to the presence of blood test results and the registration of important patient characteristics such as age, sex, blood pressure, smoking, weight, waist circumference, dyslipidemia, diabetes, history of early cardiovascular disease in family, target organ damage, associated clinical conditions, chronic kidney disease and metabolic syndrome. Among the 309 hypertensive patients belonging to Team 1, 115 were selected for inclusion in the survey. For each risk factor were placed in separate incidences in women and men. Besides hypertension, the risk factors with higher prevalence were overweight (77.4%), increased abdominal circumference (66.1%), age (57.4%), metabolic syndrome (32.2%) and diabetes (39.1%). Dyslipidemia (13.9%), smoking (12.2%), comorbidities (11.3%), history of CVD in the family (9.5%), early chronic kidney disease (9.5%), alcoholism (7.8%), and target-organ injuries (5.2%) had a lower prevalence among the target population. It was noted also, that women have excelled in a larger number of risk factors than men. The Global Cardiovascular Risk were calculated and we found that 54% of the patients had high or very high risk of developing cardiovascular disease, 28% have moderate risk and 18% had baseline risk or low risk. Despite the importance of overall cardiovascular risk stratification have been few studies published. This study provided a wide view, while specific to the hypertensive population, being able to show a positive correlation between age and the risk of CVD. This study allowed the collection of information for strategic planning of actions that can prevent disease, treat early disease that may arise and promote quality of life for hypertensive users of services provided by the Primary Care Unit.