Fatores de risco para o desmame precoce

Abstract

Early weaning has been discussed frequently because it is important for the health children. Its relevance is the importance of knowing and defining the causes which lead to interruption of breastfeeding, to develop actions aimed at increasing the length of this practice and subsequent child develop fully. Because of that, gave rise to the following problem: what are the main causes of early weaning reported in the literature? Aiming to describe the main risk factors that lead mothers to stop breastfeeding from the current literature used a literature review, with articles published in the last five years, using the descriptor "weaning" at the database LILACS. Included studies were available in Portuguese, full text, which approach breastfeeding until the sixth month. Seventeen articles were analyzed, which indicated the main risk factor for early weaning is the use of artificial teats, is quoted in ten of the selected articles. Some authors have identified yet, the nipple as a sign of difficulties in breastfeeding. Thus, the nipple should be a warning sign for the health professionals. The second most cited factor was the "mother away from home", probably due to return from maternity leave for some mothers, a situation that keeps them away from their babies for nearly eight hours a day. Other factors cited were the level (lack) of information about breastfeeding mother, lower maternal education, the introduction of other liquids such as tea and water in the first days of life, early difficulties with breastfeeding, problems breast, as evidenced by sore nipples, nipple trauma, breast engorgement, low milk production, mastitis, breast abscess, candidiasis, flat or inverted nipples. Health professionals was also identified as a risk factor for premature weaning, especially the pediatrician and obstetrician. It follows therefore that as the recognition of major risk factors for early weaning, identified in this study as the use of nipple and the removal of the mother because of work, it becomes possible to better assist the motherson and effective encouraging breastfeeding.