Prevenção e tratamento das fissuras mamárias baseadas em evidências científicas: uma revisão integrativa da literatura

Abstract

Considering all the advantages of breastfeeding and that nipple trauma may contribute to the interruption of breastfeeding, this study aimed to analyze the forms of prevention and treatment for nipple trauma providing recommendations based on scientific evidence for nursing. It is an integrative review of literature, a research technique that gathers and summarizes the knowledge produced in the studies of many expert authors. Data were collected from studies indexed in databases: LILACS, MEDLINE, SciELO and PubMed from 2000 to 2011. For data collection a form was developed. 14 articles were found with the majority written by nurses. The articles were classified into three major topics: articles on the outcome on the injury of nipple trauma, articles with outcomes related to prevention of nipple trauma and articles of studies addressing the treatment of nipple trauma. Through the results, we conclude that the cracks of the nipples are due to the incorrect child's position in relation to mothers, the number and duration of breastfeeding and inadequate mainly from improper sucking technique. The positioning of mother-son is the most important component to the success of breastfeeding. Keep the nipples dry by exposing them to air or sunlight is a preventive action on the occurrence of nipple trauma. Currently it has moist treatment of cracks with the use of breastmilk. However, the nurse should always be updated, providing access to information for women during the prenatal and postpartum period so that it is prepared to act on prevention, resolution of cracks in the promotion of breast and educational activities, facilitating the early lactation and contributing to the minimization of nipple trauma.