Fluorose dentária: uma revisão da literatura

Abstract

Dental fluorosis originates from exposure of dental germ during its process of formation, high concentrations of fluoride ion. This work was to do a review of the literature narrative about the studies of dental fluorosis in late 2001 to 2010. Was made a search in the library database Brazilian Dentistry (BBO) and in books texts from cariologia, using the keywords: dental fluorosis, enamel microabrasion, epidemiology, fluoride poisoning, water supply, visual perception, treatment of dental fluorosis. The action of fluorides is basically dose dependent. The proper exposure to fluorides helps in the control of dental caries. A very high dose can cause brown pigmentation, with white spots and superficial hipormineralização in homologous teeth, until the point at which the enamel becomes very porous and highly spotted. In addition to the determination of fluorine, other factors interfere with the severity of the disease: low weight Corp. low body weight, skeletal growth rate and bone remodeling periods represent phases of greater absorption of fluorine; nutritional state and elevation changes of renal activity and calcium homeostasis are also relevant factors. The observation of the clinical characteristics for diagnostic purposes should be performed with good lighting, after prior drying and prophylaxis of teeth, and one of the factors for differentiate diagnosis of fluorosis and defects of enamel is to observe whether the amendments are in homologous teeth. The most common form of fluorosis is mild. Notes, however, that the proportion of individuals who have severe and moderate forms is still small, but there is a significant increase in the places where the fluorosis is endemic and this is due to the high concentration of fluoride in natural sources of water. The fluoridation of water is important preventive measure for the declining prevalence of dental caries, but should be monitored, so that the fluoride content is maintained within the appropriate standards for the control of caries and prevention of dental fluorosis. The literature reports several forms of clinical treatment of enamel compromised by fluorosis, among them, more invasive techniques, such as prosthetic crowns and aesthetic facets, and less invasive as the techniques of dental bleaching and microabrasion of enamel, which causes no discomfort trans and post-operative care to patients referred to it. In cases of mild fluorosis, which are the most prevalent, treatment most indicated is the combination of the techniques of enamel microabrasion and whitening toothpaste, by consider less invasive treatments already substantiated in the literature for the reduction of the effects of fluorosis, which can promote a greater benefit to the patient when used together.