Abordagem do paciente em crise hipertensiva

Abstract

Hypertensive crises are more severe forms of manifestation of systemic hypertension. Clinical entities are pretty prevalent in our country, happening in all environments of care, from primary care to the hospital. This paper aims to describe the concepts and criteria to be followed for the diagnosis and treatment of hypertensive emergencies and urgencies, paying attention to the possibilities existing therapies. Regarding methodological procedures, it is literature review whose articles were accessed in databases LILACS and SciELO and Guidelines of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology. The keywords used were: hypertension and emergencies. The selection of articles was based preferably on articles containing clinical, diagnosis and treatment of pathological conditions studied. Most articles focuses on the lack of clinical protocols in institutions, including prescription medication even when no confirmed diagnosis of hypertensive crisis. There is a prevalence in the sublingual administration of drugs not intended for this pathway, such as captopril, and there is also a tendency not to identify hypertensive pseudoseizures, which are characterized by the absence of criteria for hypertensive crisis by definition of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology with treatment performed unnecessarily, mostly in non-hypertensive and in situations of physical and / or emotional. The consensus in the literature that there is a need to conduct further studies on the subject and also a standardization of medical practices regarding diagnosis, treatment, and conduct post-event.