Prevenção de úlcera por pressão em unidades de terapia intensiva: revisão integrativa de literatura

Abstract

Pressure ulcers are now an international problem when it comes to bedridden patients. Nursing professionals have been responsible and tried to develop actions that minimize this condition. The intensive care unit (ICU) is where patients remain the most serious being that most of them, most of the time are bedridden, unconscious, have a poor prognosis, with impaired nutritional status, often fasting for days with many comorbidities. The hemodynamic instability, prolonged restriction of movement, the use of sedatives and analgesics that cecrease sensory perception and mobility of the patient contribute to the development of pressute ulcers. Objective: To identify actions to prevent pressure ulcers in intensive care units. Methods: We performed a literature search to publications in electronic databases LILACS, SciELO and MEDLINE using the following inclusion criteria for research: primary study, quantitave published in the last 10 years in English, Portuguese and Spanish, which addressed patients admitted to intensive care with proposals to prevent the same UPP. Conclusion: it was identified a gap in the literature: no publications of new proposals for prevention UPP ICU. The Upp in STI prevention is limited to the application of the Braden Scale. The Braden Scale and Norton are validated long ago not constitute, so new ways to prevent UPP in intensive care units.