Estiramentos musculares em bailarinos: etiologia e prevenção

Abstract

The stretching is a result of excessive stretching of muscle fibers when the tension force exceeds the capacity of resistance of elongation of muscles engaged. Stretches represent a higher incidence of muscle injuries. Are exarcebated by risk factors such as inadequate flexibility, lack of strenght, insuficiente heating, fatigue and high level of personal stress. Despite being an important factor in the fall in all forms of income, for some, like ballet, there are few studies on stretch injuries. This study aimed to identify the main risk factors and prevention strategies fos stretches, and analyze them in the context of the practice of ballet. For this we conducted a literature review related to muscular strains through the portals ScieELO, Pumed, Medline and Capes. Are selected only papers published from1980, using the keywords: injury, muscle injury, inury in dancers, stretches, stretching, flexibility, dancers and theirs translations into Portuguese. Among the risck factors for the occurrence of stretches mentioned in the study include: strength, flexibility, heat and fatigue. Dancers often work stretching exercises and not muscle strength in order to mantain a low body mass preventing the increase of circumference of the member, without sufficient stiffnes are not able to absorb the potential energy of movements as a way of protection to muscle injuries. The average flexibility was greater than benchmarks, but not fit the level of hypermobility. The ballet requires sustained postures in equilibrium positions and repetitive movements of large amplitude articulate. Sprains, dislocantions, contusions and tendinopaty are the commonest injuries in dancers. These athletes have high pain threshold, because they undergo extreme physical boundaries of exploration. In addition to stretching exercises perform ballistic exercises imposes by the movements in steps as grand battement, arabesque and grand jetes, even with fatigued muscle, they still carry them. It is concluded that, to avoid the risk of strains and muscle injuries, because they require extreme physical capabilities to perform their specific movements, dancers must work together strenght and flexibility, require training with proper periodization, recovery, heating and treatment while lesions are still sharp.