Importância do sprint para o bom desempenho do atleta de futebol: uma revisão de literatura

Abstract

The soccer is considered the most popular sport of the world and of high importance, mainly about the physical preparation for the acting of the game. The soccer is characterized as an intermittent physical activity that it uses in a specific way the different energy sources, because it alternates run of high and half intensity. The activity of high intensity in the soccer, worked in this revision, it is the sprint. Sprint is the capacity of acceleration in short distances. In that way, the aim of this revision is to evaluate the importance of the sprint for the soccer athlete's good acting. The production of energy for the aerobic way seems to contribute with more than 90% of the total consumption of energy during a soccer match. However, during periods of intensive exercise of a game, the production of energy for the anaerobic way plays an essential part for the great acting. In the modern soccer a player's conditioning aerobic exercises an important paper and it has great influence in the technical performance and tactical choices. Therefore a prerequisite for players of high level is that they present a high aerobic conditioning. A good physical fitness makes possible that an athlete participates in a complete match maintaining the game acting, in other words, accomplishing sprints, jumps, disarmaments, execution of the foundations, without there is lost of the efficiency. The running of high intensity became an important factor for the improvement of the contemporary soccer player's physical condition, as well as the factors that affect the evolution of the performance in the running of high intensity. The players' training (elite) it should focus in the increase of capacity in accomplishing intense exercise and capacity to recover quickly after periods of exercise of high intensity. In the soccer, the actions of high intensity usually happen in short distances, rarely arriving to 30 meters. Like this, the capacity of acceleration is had as one of the important aspects for the professional player. And that capacity to accelerate can be identified in the match when it happens the free running, the opponent's passing, dribble us fast and in pulled them. It is observed, therefore, that the sprint and the sprint resistance can determine an advantage against opponent. The objective of the training of speed in the soccer is the development of the displacement speed (capacity to accomplish sprints, with or without ball) and economical link with the movement speed (it passes, reception, feint, kick) to elevate the acting of the competition. Accelerations, jumps, kicks to goal, abrupt stops and direction changes are explosive and dynamic movements that they use the fast strength and for that the training of that type of strength should also be considered in the elaboration of a training program. Therefore if it turns necessary that the training programs are returned also for the aerobic capacity, which certainly contributes in an effective way in the effectiveness of the accomplishment of the repeated sprints. Besides, an appropriate training (specific and individualized), associate the a training of fast strength, it can result in an important improve in the speed and in the "sprint" capacity.