Principais fatores de risco que desencadeiam a Sindrome da Dor Patelofemoral (SDPF): uma revisão literária

Abstract

Disorders of the patellofemoral joint are probably the most common diseases found in the knee. Perhaps, rehabilitation and the diagnosis of some of them, remains a major clinical challenges in spite of innovative theories and technological advances. Inside the magnitude of the pathologies encountered, the PPS stands out in recent years. In order to clarify and understand the factors that trigger this syndrome, several studies are developed and discussed in the literature. Risk factors that stand out by researchers, are: increased Q angle, voltage lateral structures crossing the knee joint, muscle imbalances, poor patellar alignment and subtalar joint overpronation. Typically, as reported by the patients' anterior knee pain, its symptoms generally arise insidiously. Among the most common complaints, pains appear to remain seated for long periods, the squat, climb stairs, or during the racing activities of higher demand in the lower limbs. In relation to symptoms, there is a certain homogeneity when discussed, however, its etiology and its risk factors, are still questioned. Therefore, the objective of this study was to discuss through a literature review, the main biomechanical factors that trigger the patellofemoral pain syndrome. Articles were searched in the database LILACS , MEDILINE via PUBMED, Cochrane Library, SciELO and IBECS was done reading the articles and extracted independently. Regarding risk factors, a survey showed different responses in some points discussed and in others, a common sense of the authors. The study also noted that there are several factors that contribute to the onset of PPS even being questioned too. There is a theoretical basis in biomechanics common among researchers, however, each person may have a way to compensate for changes resulting from pathology, and make the process of defining the etiological risk factors and an even more questionable.