Quais os efeitos da economia étnica sobre a empregabilidade e os rendimentos dos imigrantes internacionais no mercado de trabalho brasileiro?

Abstract

This study examines the ethnic economy in the Brazilian labor market considering 13 groups of international migrants, and minding the following objectives: a) to analyze the impacts of inclusion in such an economy, concerning employment and wage incomes of those foreigners; b) to verify whether these effects are the same among the different national backgrounds / ethnicities or not. The ethnic economy can be defined as the set of companies that are possessed by immigrants or that employ a significant number of people of that same foreign origin workers, regardless the type of business, size or location of the company. In order to investigate these issues, I make use of a quantitative approach researching the data from a sample of Relação Annual de Informações Sociais (RAIS) of 2010, throughout the application of the following statistical techniques: Hierarchical Logistic Regression Model and Hierarchical Linear Regression Model. The results indicate the existence of an ethnic economy in the Brazilian labor market, considering all the groups analyzed, with a greater tendency among Paraguayans, Bolivians, Chinese, and Uruguayans immigrant groups that had already been discriminated in the Brazilian labor market, according to previously made research. On the other hand, the lowest proportion of workers in ethnic businesses consists of Spanish, Chilean, Portuguese, Germans and Americans immigrants. These findings suggest that foreign workers with greater difficulty in entering the local market due to discrimination or other reasons tend to apply for jobs in the so called ethnic companies. It´s also found that these workers are in a worse condition, when, comparing to their compatriots who were hired in the open market. Moreover, as they are less likely to remain employed this situation reduces the average remuneration of those foreigners. This research, in conclusion, sheds light on the Brazilian ethnic economy, showing the existence of a market in which some immigrants are in a worse condition of employability and income, comparing to other foreigners in the common market.