Estresse ocupacional: um olhar sobre o trabalho da mulher gestora do Polo Industrial de Manaus

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the level of stress, its main symptoms, the excessive work tension sources and the regulatory mechanisms that involve the management of the Industrial Pole of Manaus (PIM). This research is characterized as a survey, with a descriptive nature, using both quantitative and a qualitative approach. 158 managers operating in PIM were surveyed. The theoretical basis of the study was anchored on the Theoretical Model of Explanation of Occupational Stress in Managers (MTEG), developed and validated by Zille (2005). The collection of quantitative data was done by adhering to MTEG questionnaire, adapted for this study. Excel and SPSS - Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 18, were used for the descriptive analyzes, involving exploratory data analysis and frequency, bivariate analyzes and tests for means and proportions. Measures such as mean, mode, median, standard deviation, percentile 25 and 75 to perform the analyzes were performed. In all statistical tests, was considered a significance level of 5%. Thus, statistically significant associations were those whose p value was less than or equal to 0,005. In the qualitative approach, data were collected through focus group technique, involving 17 managers. The discussions were analyzed based on content analysis (Bardin, 2009). The results showed that 53% of managers surveyed recorded framework of stress, stress ranging from mild to moderate to very intense stress. The main symptoms of stress identified as frequent and very commom in the group of subjects with stress were: anxiety, fatigue, pain in the neck and shoulder muscles and headache for tension. The main sources of excessive tension existing in the working environment of management, which contributed to the frames of stress were identified: "Various activities at the same time, with high recovery" and "Performing complex work, coupled with overload due to the technology". The main sources of stress related to personal characteristics were: "Think and/or perform often two or more things at once, with difficulty in completing them, even when there is no requirement to do so"; "Lead the life of the race so The specific sources of stress in the work of management were also analyzed, noting whether as principal: "Being a woman and manager and have to juggle the demands of home with work"; "Do not get family support in relation to work"; "Being a woman and manager and have significant demands on the education of children"; and "Being a woman and manager generates higher level of requirements and demands by superiors in the organization." The regulatory mechanisms used to cope with most situations tensionantes were able to rest on a regular basis, holidays and weekends; experience in solving problems at work; opportunity to enjoy the holidays regularly; cooperation among peers (managers); and finding time to relax and rest. In this study, we determined that the management who work more than 60 hours per week and the lowest levels of intense and very intense stress, indicating that the more hours are worked beyond the workday, the greater the likelihood of developing some level of stress. Also was association between the variables actual hours worked weekly (p = 0,017), smoking (p = 0,005) and health issues (p = 0,005) in relation to occupational stress.