Redes sociais virtuais como espaços para ações coletivas: possibilidades de interação e organização em movimentos sociais

Abstract

This thesis presents an objective discussion of the importance of virtual social networks such as useful space and tools for the organization and management of groups and collective actions of social movements. To achieve this discussions are presented here that are based on three theoretical axes. The first discusses the social organization through social networks, focusing on the virtual social networks of cyberspace arising from technological development and Web 2.0. The second discusses the crisis of representative democracy and the development of participatory democracy and cyberdemocracy. In the third, a theoretical axis is presented that includes a discussion of social movements and the contextualization of social movements and the Brazilian socio-political context. Building on critical approaches as an epistemological perspective, the study sets out the approach of the New Social Movements and sets the perspective of Frameworks as Methodological Guidelines. The study was based on qualitative research, using Netnography as method and techniques of participant observation and document analysis for data collection, which were further processed by Qualitative Analysis. The analysis prepared a framework for an organization's Social Movement Against Corruption from actions performed on a virtual page on Facebook. In addition, frameworks have been conducted on Government, as an antagonist of the movement, and the media, as a secondary antagonist and journalistic agent on the sociopolitical context. In these frameworks were also selected virtual pages on Facebook, six pages of government representatives and five in the Media. Among the main findings in relation to the Movement analyzed the use of virtual social network and its tools for the construction of ideology and political culture as well as the social construction of meanings and senses, among which stood out elements opposition to the Government, political actors and media were emphasized. In addition, the virtual social network was also relevant for the construction and dissemination of strategic frameworks of action and also for the maintenance and management of daily practices. Regarding the Government emphasizes the use of the network to publicize actions by politicians and the little use to combat corruption and meet social demands arising Movement and protests, especially those that occurred during June 2014, demonstrating apathy and unpreparedness of the Government regarding this sociopolitical context. Regarding the media emphasize the attention given to cover the movements and police actions to face and on evaluations of the impact of the June 2014 protests in Brazil, especially regarding the use of virtual social networks for social mobilization. Importantly, the difference in attitudes adopted by media representatives were analyzed, especially in the case of the alternative media channel and its midiativism actions. Finally, there a discussion of the importance of virtual social networks for the management of groups and actions by social movements and on its role in contemporary cultural changes from the development of the concept of Virtual Sociopolitical Networks is discussed here.