O uso do extrato hidroalcoólico de barbatimão associado ao filme de quitosana para a cicatrização de feridas cutâneas complexas em ratas

Abstract

A small tree called barbatimão has been traditionally used as an herbal medicine to heal wounds, especially in central region of Brazil, although their properties have not been studied in detail. Moreover, chitosan, a polysaccharide obtained by alcalin deacetylation of chitin may be used in preparation of one of the most promising wound dressings, which can stimulate wound-healing. In this context, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties presents in the bark of barbatimão, associated with stability, biocompatibility and flexibility of the film of chitosan could increase the flow of healing cells and the gradient of interleukins, optimizing the healing of wounds. Purposes: To evaluate the healing of complex wounds in rats with the use of chitosan film associated with hydroalcoholic extract of barbatimão. Methods: Thirty- two Wistar female rats were submitted to a confection of dorsal skin defects with a punch of two centimeters in diameter. Subsequently, they were divided into four groups according to the type of treatment that was applied: 1) Group Q: use of chitosan film ; 2) Group QB: use of chitosan film associated with hydroalcoholic extract of barbatimão ; 3) Group L: use of latex strips, 4) group H: use of plates of hydrocolloid. Three days after surgery, the edges of the wounds were graphically represented, samples were collected for histological analyses and new wound dresses were applied, according to the group to which each animal belonged. These procedures were made again on the eighth postoperative day. The areas of the wounds were calculated immediately after their confection, at the third and at the eighth postoperative day. Healing rates were calculated and compared among the gorups. The histological analysis were made, observing the following criteria: inflammation, inflammatory infiltrate, granulation, angiogeneses, collagen deposition and gigantocelullar reaction. Results: Both at early and the late periods, group QB showed higher rates of healing than group H (p=0.002 and p=0.015 respectively), than group Q (p=0.025 and p=0.000 respectively), and group L (p=0.000). Regarding to the histological evaluation in the third postoperative day, group H showed more Tenous Inflammatory response than group Q (p=0.007) and group QB (p=0.041); group QB had more Moderate Inflammation than group L (p=0.007) and groups L and Q showed more Severe Inflammation than group H (p=0.026). Besides of that, group QB had more granulation than group Q and group H (p=0.007). Angiogenesis were mainly present in group QB than in Q and L (p=0.026 and p=0.001 respectively). Also, group QB showed more Moderate Angiogenesis than the group H and the group L (p=0.026). On the eighth postoperative day, the group QB had more Moderate Angiogenesis that the group Q (p=0.026). The group QB had more Deposit of Young Collagen than group Q (p=0.026) and the group L (p=0.000), and the group H showed more deposit for Young Collagen than group L (=0.026). Conclusion: The association of the hydroalcoholic extract of barbatimão with chitosan promoted higher rates of healing of rats complex wounds, both on the eighth day as the third observation.