Estratégias de ensino para capacitação de cuidadores informais na prevenção de úlcera por pressão

Abstract

In household care the prevalence and incidence of pressure ulcers (PU) vary between 0% and 29% and 0% and 17%, respectively. Identifying an effective teaching strategy for the training of informal caregivers in (PU) prevention in people confined to a bed is urgent in order to change the statistical data presented by Brazilian institutions. Objective: To identify teaching strategies for training of informal caregivers in pressure ulcer prevention in people confined to a bed in the home setting. Methodology: integrative review methods were used. Research was conducted through articles published in English or Portuguese in 2012 to 2014, with an approach of teaching strategies regarding pressure ulcer prevention in the home environment implemented with Brazilian caregivers in the databases LILACS, BDENF, MEDLINE, IBECS, Psychology Index and SUS collections, through controlled descriptors: Education, Health Education, Training, Education in Nursing, pressure ulcer, disease prevention and non-controlled descriptors, Informal Caregiver, and Family Caregiver. Results: We identified 49 studies and the sample was composed of four studies that met the inclusion criteria. The analysis identified three teaching strategies: Operative group session / conversation wheel; Demonstration; Group of occupational therapy that resulted in changes in the behavior of caregivers in practice with reducing the occurrence of pressure ulcers. Conclusion: Health education is a key strategy for the training of caregivers in order to allow them to understand the process of care and to act in preventing adverse events such as pressure ulcers.