Fragmentos do canteiro: a produção habitacional sob a ênfase da racionalização construtiva

Abstract

Important branch of the Brazilian industry, the construction industry has always been the base of the so-called national development, even when compared to other sectors is always associated with outdated technology. Little or no mechanization and hand labor disqualified featuring all your strata, whether in artisan production of bourgeois houses or self-production, whether in manufacturing production buildings. The reinforced concrete molded on site with masonry fence is common in artisanal production, while the masonry is widely used in manufacturing. Both construction processes are so broad in housing productions that are here called hegemonic. Given the many disadvantages that entails production from the waste of materials to the standardization of ways of inhabiting, it is pointed out the cement naturalization with the high taxation of industrialized products, the economy based mainly on labor-intensive and uncritical education, as assumptions previously drawn up to answer "failure" of processes that do not adopt the technology of reinforced concrete and masonry, ie the proceedings counter-hegemonic. In the technical analysis, therefore, also imposes It is an analysis from the Political economy. Thus, this study provides a panorama that combines the periodic outbreaks of construction to the periods of significant development of the Brazilian economy, since the consolidation of the concrete technology in the 1940s to the implementation of heterogeneous manufacturing by building companies responsible for producing villas in mass PMCMV. During this period, there is emphasis on constructive rationalization, which confounds the progressive sophistication in control of work in the construction sites with technological advances indeed. Given this scenario matter to this thesis characterize, through documentary research and case studies, the self-proclaimed constructive innovations and also describe the organization of this work in producing counter-hegemonic.