Revisão sistemática de ensaios clínicos randomizados sobre efeitos do treinamento de dupla tarefa na marcha e equilibrio de idosos caidores e não caidores

Abstract

Sensory and musculoskeletal changes associated with aging, compromise the physical and functional performance of the elderly, especially in performing double duty. The execution of simultaneous tasks, can lead to deficits in postural stability and dynamic balance, resulting in a higher risk of falls. This systematic review aims to evaluate and compare the randomized clinical trials published in the literature concerning interventions double task comparing them to any other intervention that have the outcome changes in gait, balance and falls in the elderly. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in Medline, AMED, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Register of Randomized Trials (CENTRAL). The descriptors used were: Elderly or Aging, Gait, Dual task, RCT, Balance and Falls, the terms were associated with each other, followed by a detailed review of the authors, and the analysis of titles, abstracts, methodological quality and scale of Peter. Results: Of the 472 studies found, only 10 reported data related to research and included in this review. The control groups varied with no simple task or activity, since the intervention groups performed various types of training, including dual task. The driving frequency ranged from eight to twenty four weeks and included sessions from one to three times per week. Since the selected studies, seven showed improvement in the last time and speed the march on their findings. One study showed improvement in performance of postural control and the Stroop test, after intervention with dual task. In turn, only one study was a reduction in the fear of falling in his group performing double duty. Conclusion: The studies found in the literature about the training of dual task to adapt the gait parameters, preventing falls and improving balance in older people were not helpful to endorse rehabilitation programs that aim these outcomes. Further studies with better methodological quality are needed on the topic.