Parâmetros biomecânicos do salto vertical relacionados com lesão de joelho em atletas de voleibol: uma revisão narrativa da literatura

Abstract

In volleyball most injuries occur in the lower limbs and are observed in the movements of jumps and landings, and the knee joint one of the most involved. Therefore, most injuries involve the Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) and the patellar tendon. In this context, many studies have evaluated the biomechanics of landing techniques related to the risk of injury in the ACL.Other studies have analyzed these movements in volleyball athletes without patellar tendinopathy (control group) and with patellar tendinopathy (symptomatic or asymptomatic). Moreover, thinking about the interaction between the proximal and distal segments of the kinetic chain, the knee is influenced by other joints which can increase the risk of injury. The objective of this study was to perform a narrative review of biomechanical parameters of vertical jump related knee injury in volleyball athletes. The narrative literature review of this study was conducted through search in pubmed, Medline, Pedro, Lilacs, Scielo and Bireme being included twenty-two articles. There was one systematic review and twenty-one observational studies. According to the results of the studies, evidence suggests that changing the alignment of the lower limbs, such as the dynamic valgus knee during jumping and landing is a factor associated to ACL injuries and Patellofemoral pain in volleyball athletes. In addition, the unilateral landing technique and a movement pattern with more strain associated with lower range of motion of ankle dorsiflexion will increase the risk of patellar tendinopathy. Thus, these changes and movement patterns should be analyzed together with other factors, such as training load and volume of games, because these disabilities are caused by multiple factors.