Testes utilizados para a avaliação funcional da estabilidade dinâmica do joelho e sua correlação à prática dos esportes de luta: uma revisão narrativa

Abstract

The knee injuries correspond to a large percentage of injuries that occur in sports and is among the highest incidence in fighting sports. These injuries can affect physical and psychological aspects of the athlete resulting in a decrease in performance and quality of life.In the literature a shortage of scientific articles that address the theme preventive physical therapy treatment for knee injuries in combat sports, and that enumerate or cite important functional tests to be performed as a pre-season assessment in these sports.The objective of this narrative review is to present and discuss the main tests used for functional evaluation of the knee dynamic stability and its possible applications and adaptations for athletes practicing martial arts. Regarding the methodology, publication with articles were selected by 2015, found in scientific papers databases of Medline, PubMed, Cochrane, and PEDro, that validate the functional tests that evaluate the dynamic stability of the knee, systematic reviews with quality test controlled randomized clinical trial concerning the same subject.They were also selected articles about characteristics of combat sports in order to collaborate with the final discussion. The limits are: languages (Portuguese and English) and human (male, female, teen and adult).Exclusion criteria were the single case studies and studies that did not address the issue despite the favorable title. The main tests presented and discussed were theStar Excursion Balance test, Y test, Jump Tests andSingle Leg Squat.Also presented some of the different modalities within the practice of combat sports, its most important features and data on the frequency of injuries and possible preventive interventions. It was concluded that the combat sports have specific characteristics and demands, and from within each sport there is also its specificities.Thus, although there are functional methods for assessing knee dynamic stability and preventive work for this joint injuries, were not found reports on literature of their use as a form of evaluation fighters athletes. Therefore, it is necessary to develop studies that deepen preventive physiotherapy performance and use of functional tests in fighting sports.