Saúde bucal de indivíduos brasileiros com mucopolissacaridose: um estudo transversal pareado

Abstract

Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) is a metabolic genetic disease caused by inborn errors of metabolism. It involves a number of physical, motor and intellectual disorders. Many of the physical disorders are present on the face and in the mouth. There are few studies devoted to MPS in the area of dentistry, and a lack of information on the dental characteristics of individuals with the disease. This study aimed to compare the oral characteristics of Brazilian individuals with MPS and without MPS. It will be presented into one manuscript. A paired cross-sectional study of 29 patients with MPS and 29 patients without MPS, aged between two and 25 years, was performed. Data was collected at a clinic of the School of Dentistry of the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), in the city of Belo Horizonte, in the southeast of Brazil. Patients diagnosed with MPS at the Inborn Errors of Metabolism Clinic of the Clinical Hospital of UFMG and Hospital João Paulo II, together with their respective parents/guardians, were invited to participate in the study. The patients without MPS were selected from the Bias Fortes outpatient clinic (pediatric sector) and São Vicente de Paula outpatient clinic (adolescent sector). Parents/guardians who agreed to participate completed a questionnaire about the individual, socioeconomic and behavioral aspects of their children. The oral cavity of patients with and without MPS was examined under artificial light, in a dental chair, stretcher or wheelchair. The following conditions were analyzed: dental caries, gingivitis, malocclusion (overbite and/or overjet), dental anomalies and developmental enamel defects (DED). The examiner had been previously calibrated. Kappa values and intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.76 to 0.98. Following calibration and a pilot study, the main study was performed. The data obtained was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science - SPSS® (version 22.0) software. Univariate and bivariate analysis was performed. Bivariate analysis (X2 test) identified possible associations between the groups and the independent variables (p<0.05). The study was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of the UFMG. The mean age of the patients was 13.9 years (+7.2). The majority of them was male (58.6%), black/brown skin color (70.7%) and from favored or more favored economic classes (89.7%). There was a statistically significant association between the group of MPS patients and the variables gingivitis, malocclusion and dental anomalies. The chance of being diagnosed with a malocclusion, dental anomaly and/or gingivitis was higher in patients with MPS. The anomalies identified were giroversion, agenesis and others (conoid teeth and microdontia). The results of this paired study revealed a greater prevalence of malocclusion, dental anomalies and gingivitis among individuals with MPS than those without MPS. .