Mudança e estabilidade em campos institucionais: estudo de um estilo inovador no campo de fiscalização e promoção da transparência pública

Abstract

This is a dissertation about institutional innovation. We discussed the process of formulation, diffusion and reproduction of a new style in the field of fiscalization and of public transparency. We analyzed three cases to explain how actors by strictly personal initiative without institutional support articulated a "new way of getting things done" in field. The called Permanent Forum of combat against Corruption (FOCCO) is a initiative that can't be modeled into highly hierarchical organizational forms. Supported in an extremely broad narrative with great power of mobilization, this organization need of fluid organizational form, which be capable of maintaining institutions and actors with very different missions and interests in interaction. We analyzed the emergence of FOCCOs after ten years of installation of the first institution. We proposed an analytical model capable of explaining the emergence of new ideas starting from the interactions developed in the field. Based on neo-structural perspective, this model was compared the neo-institutionalists approaches. In addition to showing the general gains that we can achieve when we look at innovation processes under neo-structural prism, we conducted a critical review of the concept of institutional entrepreneur of sociological institutionalism. In our analysis, this concept is associated to an identity which main feature is the ability to engage in various netdoms of the field. The actors that trigger this identity occupy especial places in domains of network. Therefore, they acquire not only the condition to manipulate the meanings in organizational fields, but also to impact of interactions that take place in the field. We conceived the institutional entrepreneur as an identity that enable styles. Styles are conceived as sources of narratives that express themselves in organizational form. Empirically, in order to test this proposal, we analyzed the interactive and interpretative systems of the primary netdom of FOCCO and your narrative. Our analysis identified the actors that trigger the identity of institutional entrepreneur and went further to show that this identity present three subtypes in the field, namely: makers, diffusers and motivators. We qualify the performance of these identities in the field showing how they created, in the short run, relations that, in the long run, create new identities. This process emerged robust movements that sustain themselves for a long time. Our research also revealed the mechanisms of organizational emergency of the FOCCOs. We found that mobilization of supporters, anchoring diversity, contagion, robust action and multivocality are the fundamental mechanisms that explain the organizational innovation process of the FOCCOs. The results also show that personal relations are fundamentals to explaining the goodwill in the field. We found that FOCCOs are "factories" of personal ties. These increase the confidence in between actors. Personal ties create opportunities to the actors filter their relations and increase the dynamism of their daily work.