Análise da gestão de resíduos sólidos de construção civil de Belo Horizonte (MG) a partir da percepção dos atores envolvidos

Abstract

The Construction Waste are generated in high rates in constructions, reforms and demolitions sites. These high rates often make these wastes the ones with greater participation in the total mass of waste generated in a city. The large amount of Construction Waste generated in the cities brings environmental, health and economic damages, resulting from mismanagement. In order to minimize these impacts, the Municipal Administration of Belo Horizonte created in 1993 the Correction of Clandestine Provisions and Scrap Recycling Program, and since then the city began to be considered a success story in the Construction Waste management in Brazil, mainly due to the pioneering of its actions. However, what is seen in practice is that the city still faces many difficulties in the management of Construction Waste. Thus, this work aims to know and discuss the roles of the main actors involved in the management of Construction Waste in Belo Horizonte, to evaluate the quality and to propose improvements to the management system in the city. To achieve the proposed objectives, were used qualitative methodologies, such as the Delphi method and Individual Semistructured Interviews, applied to specialists and actors of the RCCs management in Belo Horizonte. The Delphi methods questionnaire was answered by 33 professionals related to the RCCs management in Belo Horizonte, both from the academic field (professors and researches) and the government (municipal and state) and the business sector (representatives of construction companies, trash container operators, recycling areas and landfill). From the questionnaire respondents, were selected nine professionals with whom individual semistructured interviews were done in order to raise possible improvement measures to the RCC management in Belo Horizonte. In addition to the interviews and Delphi, monitoring of the municipality's situation was carried out through field visits (construction companies, carriers, recyclers, landfills) and several contacts with public representatives and private companies. From the methodological procedures adopted in the research, several problems of Construction Waste management in Belo Horizonte were found, such as the disorganization of the collection and transport system by the trash container operators, that favors the clandestine disposal of rubble. Problems related to the logistics, poor monitoring and disciplining of the trash container operators performance were some factors that helped to conclude that the operation of these agents should be prioritized in the management of RCC in Belo Horizonte. With regard to the recycling, it was possible to conclude that the public and private structure destined to this aim is misused in Belo Horizonte, mainly due to the inadequate performance of trash container operators and earthmoving companies that also provide dumping services. Another factor that contributed to the negative avaliation of Belo Horizonte on the RCCs management was the great deficiency regarding the measures related to the non-generation and minimization of Construction Waste, identified by the participants of the Delphi and the interviews. From the actors perception, it was also possible to conclude that the privatization of public areas of Construction Waste sorting and recycling in Belo Horizonte can be an important alternative to the strengthening of the management of this type of waste in the municipality.