Efeitos dos exercícios de estabilização central (core) na prevenção e reabilitação de lesões no joelho em indivíduos ativos fisicamente: uma revisão narrativa da literatura

Abstract

The relationship between trunk and hip kinematics and lower limb kinematics is already established in the literature. The Core is the region of the body delimited by the pelvis, diaphragm, abdominal and lumbar muscles and is responsible for the control and movement of the trunk. Only hip exercises are supported in the literature for use in the prevention or rehabilitation of knee injuries. Objective: To gather good quality studies that has used central stabilization exercises (Core) to rehabilitate or prevent knee injuries. Methodology: Only Randomized Clinical Trials published in the last ten years (2006-2016) were selected from the databases PEDro, MEDLINE, WEB OF SCIENCE, SCOPUS, SCIELO AND COCHRANE, using the key words: "core"; Core force; "Neuromuscular training"; "Trunk force" and "trunk strenght" associated with the descriptor "knee". Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, eight articles were selected which had their methodological quality evaluated. Results: The selected articles had a mean reduction of 66% in the lesion rate of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), as well as the reduction of recurrence in volunteers receiving some type of training aimed at central stabilization (Core). It was also observed that in individuals with chronic patellofemoral pain (PFP) there was improvement in pain, function, strength and muscle resistance faster and in greater magnitude when the Core approach was included in rehabilitation. Conclusion: Core stabilization exercises were effective in preventing ACL lesions and in the rehabilitation of chronic lesions of the PFP type. Further studies are needed to better assess the benefits of central stabilization in PFP and ACL injury prevention and rehabilitation.