Fatores de risco de lesões em corredores: revisão de literatura

Abstract

In the last four decades, running has become one of the most popular physical activity. The increase of the number of practitioners resulted in an increase of injuries rate related with this sport. These injuries risk factors are usually divided into intrinsic and extrinsic. The aim this work is a clinical critical review of the injuries risk factors of the runners. The literature data bank used in this work was CAPES website and databases of PUBMED, PEDro, SCIELO, LILACS, CINAHL, AGELINE, EMBASE, PSYCINFO and COCHRANE. We found initially 83 articles on risk factors associated with running injuries. After analyzing the titles and abstracts, 57 articles were excluded because they investigated risk factors for a specific pathology. Thus, 26 articles were selected to compose this study. Due to the heterogeneity of the literature found, we chose to describe and organize data on the following topics: anatomical variables, biomechanical variables, training variables, previous injuries and risk factors analysis model. Risk factors are important characteristics and should be studied and determined. Variables like excessive foot pronation and the distance practicing (more than 64km/week) are examples of risk factors that should be considered before practice. However, the same risk factors in different subjects is not always associated with lesion. The concept of injury risk factors has to consider complex system model. Running risk factors can not be considered the unique variable. Rehabilitation professionals have to think in a complex way, not considering just a single factor but rather a net of risk factors thatconstitute a differentiated pattern of movement.