Efeitos do retreinamento da corrida baseado em feedback visual, auditivo e verbal sobre a dor, função e biomecânica dos membros inferiores de corredores com síndrome patelofemoral: uma revisão narrativa

Abstract

Introduction: Running is a popular form of exercise and has a high incidence of orthopedic injuries of the knee, especially the patellofemoral syndrome, which is related to the rate and magnitude of the forces of impact with the ground during the stance phase of the lower limbs. The running gait retraining can modify biomechanical aspects, through visual, auditory and/or verbal feedback, usually used as therapeutic tool improving pain and function in runners. Objective: To investigate the effects of running gait retraining, based on visual, auditory and/or verbal feedback on pain and function and biomechanics aspects of the lower limbs in runners with patellofemoral syndrome. Methodology: A review of the literature in the databases Medline, Scielo, Lilacs, PEDro and Cochrane, in the period of march until september 2016 using the key words: Injury; Rehabilitation, Biofeedback; Biomechanics. Results: Four studies were found that used running gait retraining protocols, with favorable results on pain and function. Two of them used the eight-session protocol for two weeks of verbal feedback associated with the visual one with a monitor or mirrors for a correction of hip adduction and contralateral pelvic drop in female runners with patellofemoral syndrome. The other two did not find a consensus about session and duration of the protocols and they were focused in verbal feedback that emphasized forefoot initial contact, as well as reduced step length. One of them associated other approaches as: auditory feedback with increased cadence; training volume education; strengthening of lower limbs/CORE and motor control exercises. Conclusion: Running gait retraining is an accessible therapeutic therapy in clinical practice, capable of reducing knee impact forces and effective on pain and function in runners with patellofemoral syndrome. However, is impossible to determine the best feedback type. What is known is the importance to take account the possible biomechanical causes of patellofemoral pain and the runner gender to make the most appropriated choice in the type of feedback possible in the clinical practice.