Eficácia dos exercícios fisioterápicos ativos na redução da dor em indivíduos com lombalgia mecânica aguda: revisão narrativa

Abstract

Introduction: Low back pain is a very common clinical problem in industrialized countries and is considered a public health problem and disability especially for the economically active population. Various types of medical and physiotherapeutic interventions are used to treat low back pain, however there is in the physiotherapeutic area several studies that prove the effectiveness of therapeutic exercise in chronic low back pain and a few that address the effect of exercise in patients with acute mechanical low back pain diagnosis. Objective: To investigate the analgesic effect of therapeutic exercise in patients with acute mechanical low back pain. Methods: Was performed a literature review in Medline, PEDro, Scielo and Cochrane database with the search terms: acute low back pain, transversus abdominis, rectus abdominis, multifidus, physiotherapy, lumbar stabilization, exercise and training. The terms above were written in Portuguese and in English. The search was conducted on November period 2015 to August 2016. Were included in clinical trials evaluating acute mechanical low back pain, active therapeutic interventions and interventions with stabilizing exercises. The selected studies were assessed by the PEDro scale. Results: were selected four articles. The the found results suggest that the lumbar-pelvic stabilization exercises (multifidus activation and transversus abdominis) improve acute low back pain, but when compared to other types of interventions shows no significant difference in the results related to pain. However, it was observed that the long term subjects who underwent lumbar stabilization exercises were less likely to have new episodes of pain over the years. Conclusion: It is recommended that patients with acute low back pain, to perform active exercise lumbar-pelvic stabilization, it will benefit both the short and long term and can thus reduce the use of drugs and / or expenses with other types of treatments, besides making the individual more functional for his daily activities.