Um modelo matemático de localização de facilidades e alocação de equipamentos na saúde pública

Abstract

This work aims at proposing a study in location problem of Medical Specialties Centers (MSCs) and medical equipment allocation. Addressing these problems in an integrated manner is an opportunity of study in the health sector, as they are traditionally treated separately. Challenges include the location of medical care based on population demand, the acquisition of new equipment, which is made simultaneously, based on the demand for medical examinations. We propose a mathematical programming approach to integrate decisions of MSCs location and medical equipment allocation in order to satisfy population demand. Three formulations were developed: one for MSCs locations; one for equipment allocation; and an integrated formulation with the MSCs location and equipment allocation simultaneously. The integrated model achieve better results compared to the non-integrated approach in test instances. The method is illustrated in a numerical example. The problem was applied to healthcare planning on secondary level for the state of Minas Gerais and contributes to the logistics operations planning in the public health sector, minimizing the inequalities of access. In general, the government needs to hire approximately 4% more physicians beyond available to cover 99% of population and 1.5% more equipment to assist part of the population. The method is generic and applicable to location and resources allocation problems in sectors that aim to maximize the satisfaction and ecient use of resources.