Análise do potencial energético territorial do biogás proveniente de aterros sanitários para inserção na matriz elétrica do Estado de Minas Gerais no horizonte de 2050

Abstract

Generally, urbanization processes have occurred in a disorderly way, especially in developing countries, and are characterized as one of the most aggressive forms of human interaction with the environment. Population growth and increasing urbanization in the world require more energy and infrastructure services, such as adequate waste management. In the State of Minas Gerais, which consists of 853 municipalities organized in 17 Development Territories, about 85.3% of the total population live in cities, making clear the need for good management of resources, especially energy resources, and adequate provision of municipal solid waste (MSW), as consumption patterns and levels tend to increase more and more. In this context, the potential of energy utilization of biogas from the anaerobic digestion of USW in landfills, joining solutions for MSW management and generation of electric energy, is inserted. Thus, biogas systems can contribute to a diversification of energy sources in the electric matrix, playing an important role mainly in the production of electricity at times when demand is higher than the Sistema Interligado Nacional SIN (National Interconnected System - NIS) supply. Thus, based on the methodology of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, a theoretical study of the generation capacity of biogas and its potential to generate electricity is presented. In this way, this work presents the State of the Art of the production of landfill biogas in the State of Minas Gerais and performs a projection of the total potential of electric power generation from this source in each of the seventeen Development Territories of the state. Four technological routes for energy conversion of biogas into electricity were considered, namely: "Otto cycle" internal combustion engines, diesel engines (diesel + biogas), gas turbines and microturbines. As a result, the Metropolitan Territory, with 3,562,979.42 tMSW/year, with a generation potential of 456,740,360 m³CH4/year, was the territory with the highest MSW generation potential in this year's horizon (2050); while the territory with the lowest potential for generation in 2050 was the Central territory, 65,072.45 tMSW/year, with a generation potential of 8,341,675 m³CH4/year. Regarding the potential for electricity generation, the results obtained show generation values of up to 2,237.06 MWh/day (Metropolitan Territory) in 2050, the technological route of the internal combustion engine being the one with the highest conversion efficiency