Análise da penetração harmônica em redes de distribuição desequilibradas devido às cargas residenciais e comerciais com a utilização do ATP

Abstract

With the increasing need for efficient electrical energy consumption and the constant increase in efficient electronic equipment encouraged by PROCEL incentives, the current harmonic distortion injected into the electrical system by residential and commercial loads has been increasing, becoming considerable when compared to industrial load injection. In the near future, this harmonic distortion can achieve higher values than the limits determined by standards and, consequently, their effects can be harmful to electrical system equipment / components and consumers. This work analyzes the harmonic penetration in a distribution system due to current injection by non-linear residential and commercial loads. Using voltage and current harmonic measurements of residences and transformers, in addition to physical data about the system, common components in a distribution system (transformers, distribution lines,capacitor banks) and residential and commercial loads were modeled and simulated by ATPDraw®. Then the models were used in the simulation of a secondary and a primary feeders. Their voltage and current were compared with maximum voltage and current harmonic distortions defined by international standards. So, conclusions about the system power quality were obtained. From this simulation, a future situation with larger power loads and larger harmonic content(electronic showers) was proposed and simulated, quantifying the future voltage and current harmonic distortions in the same primary feeder. The results showed that such distortions exceeded the limits defined by the same standards. Finally, to minimize such future harmonic distortions, passive filters were designed and new harmonic distortions calculated. This solution reduced the maximum harmonic values to limits under those set by standards.