Prevalência de parâmetros nutricionais de risco para doençacardiovascular e renal em crianças pré-escolares saudáveis

Abstract

Complex physiological, psychological and sociological alterations are involved in growth and development of children. The progressive growth and social interaction lead to influences dictated by culture and media. Brazil is experiencing a period of epidemiological and nutritional transition with increased prevalence of risk factors for chronic diseases that are not transmitted in all age groups. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus type 2, reduction of highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol, increase of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol as well as of triglycerides can to be the link between clinical and metabolic changes. These symptoms can be favorable to the development of progressive cardiovascular and kidney disease. Important to say is that these changes were rare in the pediatric population. Currently, children and adolescents consume excessive amount of processed foods (candies and soft drinks), which are easily accessible. These types of food are rich in fat, sugar and salt, with low amount of fiber, vitamins and minerals. In consequence, childhood obesity has increased significantly and has become increasingly prevalent in these ages groups, contributing greatly to increased morbidity and mortality in adulthood. Clinical monitoring, biochemical and body composition at these ages becomes important, as well as assessment of food consumption and physical activity. Actions to encourage healthy living, as promoting healthy eating habits and regular physical activity are crucial in this scenario. Considering the contemporary scope, this review aimed to demonstrate the relationship between risk factors for cardiovascular and renal disease in children and adolescents, plus the association of these factors in the mother. The study concluded that these ages groups needs special attention in order to minimize risks to their health and allow their genetic potential for growth and development to be achieved. We highlight the paucity of studies assessing the relationship between nutritional parameters as risk factors for cardiovascular and kidney disease in children. The authors believe that early intervention may prevent further metabolic complications.