Absenteísmo docente: manifestação do fenômeno na Rede Municipal de Educação de Belo Horizonte (2009 - 2010)

Abstract

Understanding and analyzing teacher absenteeism in the municipal schools of Belo Horizonte, in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. This is the objective of the present work, which is inserted into the research line School Education: Institutions, Subjects and Curriculum. Thesociological questions that guide this study investigate how the phenomenon of absenteeism manifests itself on the teacher condition of the Metropolitan Region o of Belo Horizonte (RMEBH) and what makes it reveal itself in this way. Taking into consideration that absenteeism means the absence from work, characterized by repetition and duration (number of days) of the absences (CHIAVENATO, 2000, BASSI, 2010), this research approaches the absenteeism attributed to the justified absences by sick leaves. We have excluded from the analysis the leaves due to pregnancy, bereavement, wedding, amoung others. For this work, a research of exploratory and descriptive characters, we have sought to quantify and qualify teacher absenteeism, gathering the quantity of monthly sick leaves granted to teachers from each municipal school during the year of 2009 and from the schools of the Regional Centro-Sul in 2010. The research carried out allows us to measure the magnitude of the rate of absenteeism due to sickness on the municipal schools, based on the recommendations of the Subcommittee of Absenteeism of the International Association of Work (COUTO, 1987). The analyses have shown that the granting of leaves for short periods is more common that the granting of leaves for long periods and the data suggests that the occurrence of the phenomenon is related to what happens on the schools along the months. The comparativeanalysis between the years of 2009 and 2010 on the regional chosen reveals that the strategies of SMED trying to fight absenteeism paying a premium for pedagogical reunion, out of the work shift, and payment of permanence reward, in some schools, linked to the teachersfrequency have delimitated and at the same time have potentialized sick leaves. The study breaks ground for new investigations that seek to comprehend the concrete conditions of teachers that result in absenteeism, as well as their implications on the pedagogical practices,through in loco observations in schools. The observation, in that sense, is essential for comprehending the real context in which education is realized, for it is a net in permanent construction that articulate local histories personal and collective and lead the teachers tomake decisions (ROCKWELL and EZPELETA, 2007) that evince that the real work is not constituted in the mere realization of the work that is prescribed.