Desigualdades e desempenho escolar no processo de escolarização da juventude: uma análise contextual sobre a expansão do ensino médio na região metropolitana de BH

Abstract

The main objective of the present research was to investigate the possible influences of the various forms of inequalities on the educational proficiency of the Youth in the context of expansion of the Secondary School system in the Greater Belo Horizonte (RMBH). To understand those possible links, it acted in two main directions: the firstwas creating a profile of the Youth studying and residing in the RMBH, with the intention of identifying the consequences of the possible inequalities (social, economic, educational, of race, gender and occupation) in the juvenile condition. The second was investigating de proficiency of the students, based on three variables: their relationshipwith school knowledge, the evaluation of learning outcomes (both institutional and school-only) and the access and longevity in the process of schooling (school flux). Through the identification of these inequalities, it crossed this information with the ones regarding the school proficiency, using both quantitative and qualitative methods for collecting, describing and analyzing the information. The quantitative procedures madeit possible to construct a profile for the Youth and to characterize the process of expansion of the Secondary School system in the RMBH. The qualitative ones, conducted in a Public Secondary School, were used to investigate the dimensions, regarding the ways of school work (classes, results of the evaluation process and school flux), that could help in the comprehension of some of the factors with potential to interfere in the educational proficiency of the young students. The research was orientedby the Sociology of Education, Sociology of the Youth and Demography. As a result, the investigation made it possible to conclude that the social inequalities (of gender, race and income) are persistent and affect the juvenile condition as well as its access to the educational system and its participation in the economically active population. Additionally, these inequalities have direct consequences on students educationalproficiency, affecting, more importantly, the paths of the young students considered not to be the inheritors. It also found the existence of new inequalities regarding the learning process, which creates a relational desistance of learning. This phenomenon implicitly manifests the school selectivity and generates situations of failure that affect specially the Youth considered to be the new public of the Secondary School.