A relação entre doença periodontal e as intercorrências gestacionais: parto pré-termo, baixo peso ao nascimento e pré-eclâmpsia

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential association between maternal periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes: preterm birth (PTB), low birth weight (LBW) and preeclampsia (PEC). A literature review was conducted in the main data base from the last 14 years. Observational studies (case control, cross sectional and prospective studies), intervention studies and systematic reviews were selected. Data on literature are controverse. Most part of the case control studies, cross sectional and longitudinal studies showed a positive association between periodontal disease and the advese pregnancy outcomes with varied risk rates. However, some observational studies failed to demonstrate this association. There are some clinical trials that failed to show the effectiveness of periodontal treatment in reducing the risk for the adverse pregnancy outcomes. The systematic reviews reported a possible moderate association between maternal periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes, but pointed towards the need of studies with more rigorous methodologies, comprising different populations to confirm this association and the effectiveness of periodontal treatment in reducing the risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes. Then, most studies indicate a moderate evidence of association between maternal periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes. More studies are still necessary.