Modulador espacial de luz para processos quânticos: algoritmo de Deutsch, concentração de emaranhamento e simulação desistemas quânticos abertos

Abstract

In this thesis we demonstrate experimentally the implementation of quantum processes and simulation of complex dynamics, through the manipulation of a quantum system. Pairs of entangled photons generated by spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC) were used as the quantum system. The entangled state in the transversal path has been manipulated using programmable spatial light modulators (SLM). A nonlinear crystal with phase matching type I and a continuouslaser beam with wavelength in the violet region were used for the generation of twin photons in entangled path states that allow us to vary the Hilbert space dimension. Three quantum protocols were experimentally studied in this thesis: minimum Deutsch algorithm, entanglement concentration and simulation of dissipative dynamics. In the Deutsch algorithm implementation were used twin photons generated by SPDC and a double slit to encode a spatial qubit were used. The second photon was used as a trigger to prepare a conditional state of the first. The SLM was used as the oracle mentioned in the algorithm, i. e., it is responsible for implementing the balancedand constant functions. The entanglement concentration protocol for two-qutrit states was also implemented. Partially entangled path states were generated using SPDC along with a SLM that modules amplitude only. A second SLM phase modulator inside a Sagnac interferometer was used to implement the protocol using the method known as Procustean. The third protocol demonstrated experimentally was the simulation of two dissipative dynamics in qudits: dephasing and amplitude. One of the photons passes through a noisy channel, implemented using a SLM, and the transmitted state is characterized allowing us to identify the noisy channel properties.