Leveduras emergentes causadoras de infecções invasivas, metodologias de identificação e perfís de susceptibilidade aos antifúngicos

Abstract

The incidence of opportunistic infections by yeast has become increasing due to several factors such as the more aggressive the treatment of cancer, organ transplantation, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), systemic lupus erthematosus (SLE), among other diseases. These yeasts have ability to pass of conditions commensal to pathogenic under favorable conditions in the host, for this depending on the various virulence factors. Among the widespread fungal infections, candidiasis prominently. The candidemia is among the leading causes of nosocomial bloodstream infections and is associated with significantmortality. The incidence of candidemia is increasing with the increasingcomplexity of surgical procedures, the existence of patient populations atincreased risk of infection and changes in the patient according to demographic characteristics. Its overall incidence has risen five times in the last ten years and the Candida yeasts are currently the fourth to sixth bloodstream infection most common in North America and Europe. Other yeasts and species of the genus Trichosporon and Rhodotorula, belonging to the family Cryptococcaceae are frequent causes of fungemia, and can lead to an increase in immunosuppressed patients, septicemia. Other rare yeast that can cause invasive disease in severely immunosuppressed patients include the genera Geotrichum, Hansenula, Malassezia and Saccharomyces. With the increasing growth of yeast septicemia, there was need for improving diagnostic techniques. Given the severity of systemic fungal infections, as well as its highsocioeconomic cost, it is important to a rapid and accurate diagnosis so that medical intervention can be started early in an attempt to minimize the high mortality rates.