Desafios e perspectivas de integração das políticas de recursos hídricos e meio ambiente na bacia hidrográfica do Rio Paraopeba Alto São Francisco

Abstract

This work was developed with the aim of contributing to the reflections and discussions about the need and the prospects of public policies integration for environment and water resources, which are disciplined by distinguished laws, which arose at different times, guided by principles that could be called complementary and instruments that are closely related to each other. The work objective culminates with the proposition of a set of measures that includes interfaces with the environment and water resources areas, which could be applied in the Paraopeba river basin, where the committee is reflecting on an integrated management model. To achieve this propositional level, it was done a literature review, searching for many authors points of view about the subject, and also about the laws and its instruments, even national and Minas Gerais state scope, where it is situated Paraopeba river basin. It was verified that several instruments relate to each other, such as command and control, planning or economic natures, from one or other policy. Through all, the one that has greater capacity to promote coordination, to integrate the tools and involve people and institutions of a watershed - suitable territory for the integrated actions planning - is the framework of the water, with progressive goals of water quality, which involves the quality of the environment as a whole, which in turn implies on a life quality factor. The issue of water is also associated with several other sector policies such as sanitation, public health, economic development and others. There was also done a brief description of the Paraopeba river basin and the stage of environmental and water policies implementation in the mining. It was verified that the command and control instruments effectiveness startled on the instruments for planning the use of resources and that even in respect to these, is necessary to undertake advances, especially in water quality and environment control, with the inclusion of biological indicators. It was suggested measures for action, interaction and joint sector institutions to be promoted in Paraopeba river basin, by institutions that works there, which the strengthening of various management tools, integration with the groundwater, the update of the existent framework, and adoption of techniques for integrated management of sub-basins. It became clear the importance of having an executive agency for the basin, which would facilitate the integration and contribute to the consolidation of systems. The study also pointed the need to accelerate the deployment of planning tools throughout the state; progress in discussions on a conceptual and instrumental policy environment improving, and to systematize situations where the responsible bodies for environment water resources take joint decisions about the use of natural resources authorization. All these issues are within a context of sustainable development, looking for establishing means of compatible economic development with environmental quality desired by the people, expressed in the water framework.