Dispositivos socioeducativos, biopolítica e governamentalidade

Abstract

The knowledge-power devices present in mechanical discipline, biopolitics and governmentality are analysis modes for the subjectivity processes produced in the universe of adolescents detained for offenses in Minas Gerais. From the disciplinary standpoint, it's the probing and docilization of bodies to compose a social gear of more-production, whose goal is called "social orthopedics". Subsequently, philosopher Michel Foucault asserted that the disciplinary power was not sufficient to explain the new elements of social cartography. Thus, in 1976, there were indications of biopolitics as a technology of power that goes beyond the mechanics addressed to the body, where one notices a power that acts on life, that is, acts on the collective body, the population. Caretaking technologies, health management and life multiplication processes are brought to light. Moreover, security technologies that cross the walls of the hoards and are instilled in all areas of urban management under the banner of the police, statistics or political arithmetic are perfected. Finally, Foucault approaches the biopolitics of governmentality, explaining how the art of governing connects to all individuals and to each one in particular, from the pastoral practice of driving behavior to reasons of State, which perennially updates its control strategies. The liberal and neoliberal models feed both the position of the State that embraces the successful man the self-made man and the legitimacy of the State power of supervision over certain groups, especially the poor and working classes of society. The research data lead us to a series of questions about the reasons that legitimize and perfect, even today, the juvenile detention model. The perspective on the deprivation of freedom, especially when the institutional routine and speech of the actors were inventoried, showed us how this device is updated, supplanting the bodies of internal control by the pastor employee's actions, since the first management of that institution, and leads ultimately to the link between discipline, biopolitics and governmentality in the production of dangerous youth and socio-educational devices that mix a pastoral Providence-State and a Punitive-State" of cohorts of poor youth, which framed the construction of the biopolitics of insecurity category.