Estratégias de ensino adotadas pelo Enfermeiro para orientação do autocuidado à pessoa com estoma intestinal

Abstract

The word stoma has a greek origin, stóma, and expresses an idea of mouth. It´s the surgical opening in the colonic or ileal segment of the abdominal wall, called colostomy and ileostomy, respectively. The presence of a stoma causes a deep influence on the way we see our body, and its related to how the person values his physical skills, interpersonal capacity, familiar roles, body image and and lifestyle. The rehabilitation of a stomized patient goes through the adoption of self-care habits. Goal: Identify strategies that contribute with the teaching of self-care habits to the stomized patient. Towards a stomized patient in rehabilitation level, the nurse must be able to include, in his assistencial planning, some care methods with the stoma and periestoma-skin, and stimulation to the stomized person or responsible relative, or both. Methods: This work is the result of and integrative review, that contributes to the knowledge related to the nursery subject, and allows the nurse to have a high quality clinical practice, by turning the results obtained through many researches more accessible, once that, in only one study, the reader can access many other researches previously made. The involvement of assistencial nurses in the orientation of the self-care brings up some thoughts about the role those professional play in the patient´s rehabilitation. Results: It was identified that 50% of the ileostomized, and 30% of the colostomized were satisfied with the information they received, refering to self-care, and 89% of the patients were unhappy with the opportunities to take part in the decision-take process. Conclusion: The stoma does not represent, necessarily, the end of life to the patient, once he can achieve satisfaction from the moment he assumes the self-care to solve the problems related to the issue.