Medidas efetivas na prevenção de recidiva de úlcera varicosa

Abstract

Varicose ulcer is the derangement or skin ulceration caused by varicose veins in which there is excessive hydrostatic pressure in the superficial venous system of the leg. They are chronic Lesions that are associated with venous hypertension of the lower limbs resulting from venous vascular system, commonly affects the lower extremities. In Brazil, it is estimated that almost 3% of the population will lead to varicose ulcers. Unfortunately, when cured, up to 67% of patients develop recurrence, many within the first 3 months of ripening. Recurrence of varicose ulcer is any further injury that arises between the knee and the malleolus after ulcer healing. Objective: Identify measures effectiveness in preventing recurrence of varicose ulcers. Methodology: This study was a systematic review of the literature, sought the synthesis of primary studies on the basis of Latin American Literature data and Caribbean Health Sciences (LILACS), Bibliographic Index Español en Ciencias de la Salud (IBECS), Library Cochrane and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), database of Nursing (BDENF) and Medical Literature Analysis and Retieval Sistem on Line (MEDLINE), with descriptors and varicose ulcer recurrence in Portuguese, English and Spanish. The sample was consisted of six studies and was extracted from the MEDLINE database. The studies should present in its objective effective measures for the prevention of recurrent varicose ulcer. Results: Three studies assessed in the control group wore compression stockings and intervention group, associated with the use of compression stockings surgery. And, also, the other three studies compared two different types of graduation compression. Recurrence of varicose ulcer occurred in all groups of studies. The recurrence rate in the control group ranged between 10% and 47% in the intervention group and ranged between 6% and 32%. Thus the measure assessed in the intervention group was more effective in preventing recurrence. Conclusion: It was concluded that the surgery to correct or minimize venous incompetence associated with the use of graduated compression stocking of a higher tolerance for the individual must be recommended. The compression should start with graduation indicated according to venous commitment and only reduce if the individual does not tolerate.