Complicações no pós-operatório de transplante cardíaco no Brasil

Abstract

Transplants performed in Brazil; especially heart transplants; still undergo some challenges. Despite studies that started over 100 years ago, obtaining organs and other factors related to heart transplants, still happen in a delicate manner. This involves the preparation of professionals, patients and their families. This study aimed to identify the complications found in patients after undergoing heart transplants in Brazil. The methodology used was the integrative review which was developed in six stages. The pursuits of studies have referenced data found on the electronic databases of the Virtual Health Library - (VHL), PUBMED and SCOPUS. This research covered a period of 10 years. Samples were obtained from three articles written between 2006 to 2012. Major complications found were diabetes; psychosis (caused by use of prednisone); neoplasms; post-transplant lympho-proliferative disease - (PTLD); myocardial rejection within the first 30 days; and Graft Vascular Disease - (DVE). The graft was the primary site of infection, mainly caused by protozoa. There was reactivation of Chagas disease, myocarditis, tachycardia, abnormal sensory level, low output, pericardial effusion, sudden bradycardia, hypotension, congestive heart failure, hypertension, use of intra-aortic balloon, thrombocytopenia, sepsis, reoperation for bleeding (exploratory mediastinostomy), and renal dysfunction requiring hemodialysis. In conclusion, heart transplants remain a gentle treatment that needs a multidisciplinary team available to meet the individual needs presented by patients. Thus, heart transplants in Brazil are unsuccessful due to the complications.