Bioestimulação elétrica durante a movimentação dentária induzida ortodonticamente: uma revisão de literatura

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: the increasing demand to reduce the duration of orthodontic treatment has increased the interest in studies evaluating stimuli that are able to accelerate the alveolar bone remodeling, tooth movement and the tissue recovery. The exogenous application of electrical current of low intensity can intensify the periodontal tissue process of cellular differentiation and activity as well as enhance alveolar bone remodeling and tooth movement. OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the scientific evidence concerning the influence of electric biostimulation on orthodontic movement and the clinical applicability of noninvasive methods for more physiological tooth movement and in a shorter period of time. METHODOLOGY: a literature review was conducted in order to identify studies related to noninvasive electrical stimulation methods applied to orthodontics, in the period of 1970 to 2013. During the selection process 27 scientific papers were selected. CONCLUSION: the use of controlled electrical biostimulation during orthodontic treatment is an effective method to enhance the biological responses of the periodontal tissue and accelerate tooth movement. The correlation between the clinical and histological evidences corroborates with the continuity of experiments and development of new bioelectrical systems which validate and facilitate the use of such techniques in clinical practice.