Viúva de marido vivo: implicações do processo emigratório na dinâmica conjugal de casais em que o homem emigrou

Abstract

The district of Governador Valadares and region in the eastern state of Minas Gerais presented as characterizing the inclusion of its population in the emigration process to the United States or Europe. The immigration process emerged in the 1980, a period of economic instability in Brazil with high rates of inflation and unemployment, conditions that favored the search for the immigration process as a chance to improve their lives through financial security, In most cases where the family is already established, in order to fulfill the project emigration, the husband and wife emigrated remains in the homeland awaiting his return. Thus, the objective is to investigate how the couple and the family experience the dynamics of marriage and family before the absence of the spouse for a long period of time. We seek to understand how to make marital relations and family during the absence of the partner emigrated and what are the strategies adopted by couples, to maintain the marital relationship and family during absence and after returning from the partner, identifying the difficulties experienced by couples and their assessment of the experience of emigration process. We interviewed four couples, totaling 08 subjects (4 men and 4 women). Criteria for participation in the sample: 1) couples who remained married after returning from the man, 2) maintenance of man abroad for a minimum period of two years, 3) return from abroad of up to six years. The instrument used was two semi-structured interview scripts generated for each spouse. For data analysis proceeded with the use of the phenomenological method with following five phases of treatment and analysis of data collected. We point out that currently the main motivations remain the same as listed in the 1980s: 1) the financial accumulation in a short period of time, 2) return to the homeland after acquiring financial, 3) perform home ownership, and 4 ) become owner of the business itself. Shared values among couples indicate traditional models of marital relationships (husband provider / female caregiver) are revisited as man and woman assume different roles which were used before the immigration process. Broadly the decision to emigrate is a project of husband accepted / complied with by the wives, who during the immigration consolidate their personal projects of qualification and professional. The husband emigrated is faced with a new cultural environment, which, among other things, requires adaptation to the absence of front wife in everyday household. In general experience is meant as positive but does not consolidate motivational aspects, which is configured as a reference for human failure.