Assimetrias de poder e heterotopias na escrita do meio digital

Abstract

This thesis seeks, from a technical perspective on the ontology of difference, to analyze the digital medium as an agent in the regulation of asymmetries of social power. For this, it is based on the notions and tools of analysis of Michel Foucault and Pierre Bourdieu to investigate ways of legitimizing inequalities in discourses and social fields from notions such as habitus, symbolic violence, will of truth and heterotopia. In addition, it relies on perspectives linked to the ontology of difference, such as those of Gilbert Simondon, Gilles Deleuze, Jacques Derrida and Bernard Stiegler to situate this heterogeneous set of techniques and devices as part of the technical process of grammatization, that is, a writing of social reality. From this theoretical framework, the digital medium whose fluid terminology allows us more flexibility of research is presented as a set of technical apparatuses that is simultaneously the result and engine of this broad process of writing. In addition, Stiegler's technopolitical ideas are applied to analyze it under the ambivalent character of the pharmakon: different uses and dosages influence its action as a remedy or poison in the regulation of social imbalances. Therefore, from the understanding that dispositifs and habitus are the fruits of a technical and symbolic writing, the Foucaultian approach is used to analyze their discourses in order to identify what is said and omitted in the construction of this dispositif. Under this approach, there are cases in which accumulations and tensions of an economic, political, cultural, regional, ethnic and gender nature are inscribed and amplified by the digital technique, such as the imbalances of economic and regional power in the elaboration of World Wide Web protocols; the symbolic disputes in the open source and free software movements; the production, reproduction and algorithmic amplification of social inequalities; and the weakening of democratic processes by pharmacological dysregulation in the use of social networks, software, protocols and legislation. Next, it is emphasized how the same instruments and approaches that allow us to identify these asymmetries can be used to stimulate new and more inclusive social arrangements that adopt critical perspectives for sociation processes and a technical education, according to the views of Stiegler and Simondon, respectively. Finally, as a highlight among actions on the social writing of reality with the goal of strengthening heterotopic spaces of intersectional ethnic and gender cut, we analyze the example of the PretaLab project, developed from 2017 in Rio de Janeiro with the aim of stimulating representativeness of black and indigenous women in digital media writing.